Manual Website Constructor Free Essays

The search box allows finding certain web-pages by determining the search domain (search In the language version set or In all the versions). Search box Search parameters 4. Main menu The main menu consists of five points: Web-pages. We will write a custom essay sample on Manual Website Constructor or any similar topic only for you Order Now Use this point for editing and removing the web-pages of the affiliate website. Add Page. In this section you can create a new web-page, fill it with certain content in the easily understandable panel (the panel enables you to add links, handle the text, upload images etc. ). You can also include the following metabolism for a new web-page: title, keywords, description. Edit Menu. In this section the structure of the website menu can be altered. It serves to add/tilted/remove the menu points. Manage Templates. This section allows managing the website templates (the part of the website page comprising side and bottom menu as well as headings). Furthermore, here you can add/remove links to/ trot the side menu on boot sides trot the text and also change Copyright Design. With the help of this section you can choose any scheme elaborated by our team and change the font. 4. 1 Web-pages For a web-page to be reflected in a certain language, it is necessary to select the language. 4. 1. Remove web-page In order to delete a web-page, please press the button. 4. 1. 2 Edit Page 4. 1. 2. 1 Edit web-page content In order to move to a page editing mode, you need to click the corresponding button. Once you did it, you will see the window of web-page editing. Editing a page is facilitated by the editing tools. Remove the content Save Page layout templates Preview Crop Paste as plain text Copy Paste Paste from Word Print Full text search Undo Redo Insert Checkbook Insert Irradiation Insert text field Insert Select Insert Image Button Insert hidden field Replace text Remove format Mark all Insert form Spell check Insert Text area Insert button Page break Insert symbol Insert SMS e Bold Italics Underline Crossed font Subscript Superscript Billeted list Increase space Decrease space Quotation marks Centered Left-justified liquefied Insert link Insert image Insert flash Insert table Insert horizontal line Show blocks Scale editing window up/down Right-justified Remove link Insert anchor Text color Fill color Numbered list Text style Text format Diva container Font Font size 4. 1. 2. Edit metadata While editing a web-page, metadata (title, keywords, description) can be input. Press the Modify button to save the changes you made. 4. 2 Add Page This window contains the abovementioned panel of editing a page, the field for entering the file name and that for choosing its language version. 4. 3 Edit Menu In this section you need to choose a language version of the menu being edited. 4. 3. 1 Add new element 1) Choose the section tot the menu which you mean to ad ad link to 2) Choose the pr eferred level of the link. ) Enter the name of the link (not less than 3 symbols). 4) Enter the link (Latin letters only). 5) Press the Add button to include the new link to the menu. 4. 3. 2 Edit/remove element In order to delete a certain element, you need to press the Remove button. For editing a menu element after all the necessary modifications were made to the corresponding fields of the element (name and link) press the Change button. 4. 4 Manage Templates The menu of the section consists of three points: 4. 4. Add Link With the help of this section you can add a link in the left or right menu of the main website template. 4. 4. 2 Delete Link In order to remove a link from the main template you need to choose the template field (left or right menu), templates in which you would like to make removal and then Reese the Show links button. After you took all the above-mentioned steps there will appear a list of links of the templates chosen. For removing a certain link, please ti ck the checkbook corresponding to this particular link and press the Delete links from Main Templates 4. . 3 Change Copyright Changing Copyright requires choosing template(s) from the list, entering a new one in the corresponding slot and clicking the Change Copyright button. 4. 5 Design The menu of this section comprises two points: 4. 5. 1 Edit default design In order to change the website design one of the provided templates is to be chosen ND appropriate button to be clicked. You can zoom the design patterns to have a more thorough look on them by clicking on the corresponding image. List the zoomed patterns by clicking the arrow appearing at moving the mouse pointer in the lower right/left corner of the screen. 452 Edit detail ton In this section you can change default font and its size. To do it, choose the corresponding values and click the Edit default font button. 5. FAQ 5. 1 How to place an image? In order to place an image on a web-page, you need to visit the Web-pages section, choose a preferred language and start editing the page (see Edit web-page content section). Place the mouse pointer in the area where you would like to insert an image. Find the Insert image option on the toolbar of web-page editing. You can either upload it or enter a link to it. In order to place an image using the link, visit the Image info section. Enter the link to the image In the URL field, you can also input the text which will be displayed in case of the image being unavailable in the Alternative Text slot. The image will be shown in the Preview field. You can also set the following image parameters: Width Height Boded – framing of he image (1 Hospice – horizontal spacing Peace – vertical spacing Align Click the k button to place an image. In order to upload an image from your computer, please visit the Upload section, press the Browse button, choose the image to be uploaded and press the Send it to the Server button. Once the image is uploaded to the server, the Image Info section will open. Press the k button. 5. 2 How to place a link? In order to place a link on a certain website page, please visit the Web-pages section. Choose the preferred language and pass over to editing it (see Edit page content). Place the mouse pointer in the area where you would like to place a link. Choose Insert link option on the toolbar. Choose a link type in the Link type field. URL – a link to the Internet source Link to the anchor in the text – a link within the weapon E- Mail – a link to the email Choose a link protocol in the Protocol field, enter the link in the URL slot – press the k button to place it. 5. 3 How to place an image with a link? In order to place an image with a link on a certain website page, follow the steps represented in point 5. 1 before pressing the k button. Visit the Link section and enter the link to the URL field; you can choose the method of opening the link in the Target field. How to cite Manual Website Constructor, Papers

Report of Strategic Human Resources Management

Summary The report has been formulated after investigating the importance of joining a professional human resource association. The report has highlighted the importance of being in a local or an international human resource professional association.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Report of Strategic Human Resources Management specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More There are various advantages associated with joining such associations which include increasing the trading partners and networking. The report will focus on the benefits of joining such a professional association. It will put into detail the requirements for joining such a human resource professional association and the benefits that come with joining them. These include career development, networking as well as material benefits like grants and scholarships. In the introduction, the report will highlight the aspects that will be of main concern to the re port while explaining the aims and objectives of this particular report. In this case the point of concern will particularly be the importance of joining a human resources professional association and the implications to the person joining. It will also focus on the methodology used while obtaining this particular information as well as the limitations. The report has highlighted the results, discussions of the findings and finally the conclusion (Lundy 2006, p. 33). Introduction There are numerous advantages that are associated with joining a human resources professional association. They include ensuring that one remains updated on the developments that occur in this particular field.Advertising Looking for report on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More This is made possible with the help of the newsletters, journals and website updates that are done by these associations. They also organize conferences that inform members about the current developments in the various fields. There are many networking opportunities that are made available by joining such associations hence helping an individual to get new opportunities (Noe 2010, p. 65). These points have been elaborated in detain in the findings/results as well as the discussion. The methodology used in the gathering of the information for this report was mainly the secondary sources which include books, journals, newsletters and internet sources. The report also highlights the limitations that were encountered in the process of getting the relevant information. The report is aimed at finding the advantages that are associated with joining a human resources professional association whether at local or at the international level. The findings/results have then been discussed and a conclusion drawn. Methodology Secondary sources have been used in this research. Some of the materials used include; books, journals, newsletters and online s ources. The secondary sources have been used as the method is economical and there are no much expenses to be incurred. It is less cumbersome when compared to the use of primary data. It is also less time consuming when compared to the use of primary sources of data like direct interviews. It was also preferred due to the ease in comparison between the different sources. It was for instance easier to compare the advantages of joining the human resource professional association from internet sources as well as those found in newsletters and journal articles.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Report of Strategic Human Resources Management specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The method enhanced the understanding of the issue at hand as in-depth explanations are given. Limitations A number of limitations were encountered in this particular research. For instance, some of the sources accessed were outdated and hence coul d not factor in advantages that are associated with the current technological world, hence rendering some sources irrelevant. Some of the information particularly the online sources could not be relied upon as their origin was questionable. The author and the methodology used in gathering and analyzing the information could not be determined. In addition, some of the sources could not meet the research needs as they were not specific. Some of them for instance focused on the benefits of joining any professional association rather than focusing on the human resources professional associations. In some cases, the information found was insufficient. In addition, some of the online sources could not be accessed as they required subscription fees in order to be accessed. Results Various human resource associations were studies in this particular case and the benefits as well as shortfalls determined. They include the following; Society for Human Resource Management This is the largest hu man resources association composed of 250,000 members spread in 140 countries across the world. The association has been quite instrumental in equipping its members with the appropriate human resources skills and benefiting the human resource profession.Advertising Looking for report on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More It has various chapters in the United States of America as well as China and India. Such an association is therefore vital in ensuring that its members are updated on the current developments in their respective professions both at local and international level. The members are able to get career or business deals in other countries as opposed to the mother country. For such an association however, it might be difficult to decide on a standard payment for its members given that they are under different conditions in the various countries. Chattered Institute of Personnel management This is a human resource professional association that received the chattered status in 2000. The association has 135,000 members and it is highly respected and recognized in the United Kingdom. Its main purpose is to enhance human resources development and equip its members and their colleagues to adhere to the required standards of human resource practices. It also helps to serve the professional intere sts of those in the association. It ensures that ideal human resources development and management standards are upheld. The association however has its own limitations. For instance, it was recently chattered, which implies that it might not be equipped with all the human resources development skills needed for the training of its members. It is based in the United Kingdom. This might simply imply that it concentrates on the human resources practices that are mainly relevant to those countries in the United Kingdom and hence ignoring other regions like Africa and Asia. The Australian Human Resource Institute This association represents human resources management professionals. It has a membership of about 12,000 people and has been operational for over 60 years. The organization has been pivotal in ensuring that its members are trained and equipped on the most effective human resource development skills. The large membership therefore enhances networking which in the long run increa ses the chances of its members to get information on the current job openings available, as well as acquire new business deals. The training that is done is quite crucial in ensuring that the members are updated on the most current human resources development strategies. It has been operational for 60 years and hence has enough experience in ensuring that its members get up to date information concerning be best human resources strategies. The association actively participates in setting standards for human resources management, offers training and ensures that its members are recognized professionally. The association also ensures that its members remain updated on the current trends in the Australian business and workforce. Through such, effective training is done and this ensures that its members remain relevant to the ever changing job markets. The association offers training on two human resource courses hence providing the qualified human resources professionals at some afford able fees which is cost effective to its members. Arabian Society for Human Resource Management The association was started with the aim of enhancing human resources management and development in the region. It helps in meeting the needs of human resources professionals within the region. This is made possible by sharing the relevant information and resources with its members within the region. This ensures that their respective organizations adhere to the required standard of performance. The membership of this association is open to students taking human resource courses as well as human resource development professionals and any person with similar objectives to those of the association. The association however has its own shortfalls, for instance, due to the fact that it is regional, it only serves the human resources interests of members within the Arab world hence not factoring in people from other regions or continent. Dubai Human Resources Forum This association was started by Human Resources Managers with the core purpose of ensuring continuous human resource development, networking as well as sharing their experiences. It targets those people with the intention of furthering their human resources development. It has a membership of 300 members who represent their respective companies across the Emirates region. It helps its members in attaining professional standard in the human resources management. It was registered as a professional body in 2002. The small number of its members however hinders it from achieving its goals as this offers limited networking and a smaller base for sharing experiences. It mainly targets the human resource managers and hence restricting its membership. The other people some of whom might be students are not allowed to join this association. It is however recognized in the United Kingdom hence offering its services beyond the region. Discussion According to the findings, there are a number of benefits that come with bein g a member of a human resources professional association. Members of such associations are advantaged since employers look for those individuals who have more than just their academic qualifications. They therefore stand a better chance of getting the available jobs unlike their counterparts who have not joined the associations. They also get firsthand information on any job opportunities in the various fields. This is made possible through the interaction that the members of these associations have. In some cases, the advertisers of the job openings are members of the associations as well. They are more likely to give priority to the members rather than the nonmembers. In some cases, the available opportunities are for members only, and this puts them at an advantage. The findings also show that such associations are quite vital in shaping a person’s career. Members are likely to identify their areas of interest and specialize. This can be attributed to the fact that the ass ociation enable an individual to increase his/her knowledge base and stays updated on the current trends in the various fields. The findings also show that the members are well networked due to the fact that they mingle with members from various fields and specialties. The findings also pointed out that managers, marketers and other influential members of multinational companies that had joined these associations played very significant roles in ensuring that their companies expanded not just locally but internationally as well. Such companies quite easily complied with the international requirements due to the exposure that these members get. Those companies or business that had their key employees in such associations were found to esteem transparency as well as high levels of accountability. According to the findings, it was also quite evident that both local and international human resource professional associations played a significant role in ensuring the harmonization of sala ries and wages to the employees in deferent countries and regions hence minimizing the disparities in the salaries and wages paid to members of the same job group. These associations have also been vital in enhancing business outsourcing. Such associations help the staff of any company or organization to know where to outsource their vital services from. Joining such associations also help the members to be informed on the new business and trading deals hence availing new opportunities for expansion. Such members can effectively manage their organizations due to the training and skills that they acquire while attending the various sessions. They are, therefore, well placed to resolve any problems encountered in these (Boxall 2007, p. 77). From the above findings it is quite evident that both local and international human resources professional association are very significant in making sure that there members are updated on the current trends in the market. The associations are quit e vital in ensuring that the members share their experiences and hence find the best ways to overcome the various challenges at the local and at the international level. They invest in employee development by training their members on the best human resources practices and this helps in ensuring that the members are well versed with the existing standards for human resources practice. Members who join some of these associations also benefit from grants and scholarships which are quite vital in equipping the members with the appropriate human resources knowledge. The associations are quite important for networking. Members from various companies, organizations and different countries come together. This makes it easier for job seekers to be linked up with their potential employers. For those interested in new business deals these associations help them to find new business contacts which are vital for the expansion of their businesses. The associations play a big role in updating the ir members concerning the new human resources development standards and hence help in ensuring their compliance. The members are informed on the existing market needs. This is made possible through the various conferences that are held, the newsletters and journals that are produced by these associations. Members, therefore, get the relevant information concerning the cheaper as well as demanding labor markets. Managers in such associations can use these information to determine the best places to open new branches or where to source there labor from. The associations help the different firms adhere to the different performance benchmarks. This is made possible by these firms sourcing qualified personnel and keeping to the required standards of human resources management (Noe 2010, p. 55). Conclusion Among the various human resources professional associations given above, the preferred association is the Society for Human Resource Management. This is because the association has a la rger membership. This is quite vital for effective networking for job seekers as well as those looking for business deals. The large membership also implies that the members gain a lot when it comes to the aspect of sharing their different experiences. The association was started in 1948, which implies that it has a better experience when it comes to aspects of human resources across the years. It is also represented in 140 countries which ensure that members across the countries share the relevant information and experiences concerning the labor markets, business deals and laws in the various countries. Joining the various human resources professional associations is quite important in many aspects. For instance, the associations help in ensuring that the members from the various organizations adhere to the standard labor laws both at the local as well as at the international level. These associations also train their members in relation to their human resources development and hen ce helping them ensure that they advance their careers. They are very important in enhancing relationships and networks. This might be at the local as well as international levels. Members of such organizations easily access new markets hence expanding their businesses not just at the local level but at the international level as well, especially those in international associations. The human resources professional associations are very significant in training their members to be efficient in their service delivery. The associations also help in ensuring the multinational firms not only comply with the local laws but also adhere to the international standards. This is made possible by training the members on the local as well international laws that govern such firms. The HR staffs are taught on the significance of focusing on the development of human resources rather than just the financial control in order to experience significant prosperity. These associations are quite critical in ensuring that the members are well informed on the current political situation in various regions and countries. This is quite vital for those members that are seeking new opportunities. A stable political environment is quite vital for the establishment of firms and hence ensuring the booming of various businesses. This in the end translates to huge profits for these firms. An unstable political climate on the other hand might not be the best for the establishment of firms. The members of these associations share there experiences and are therefore better placed to face any challenges that come with their various positions. Members who have joined such association can easily access business mergers as opposed to their colleagues who haven’t joined yet. Members of these associations also gain from grants as well as scholarships in human resources development. Some of these associations even allow students to register as members and in some cases those members that are sti ll students are offered scholarships. In some cases there are job opportunities that are advertised and only those who are members of there associations are considered. These associations however have their own shortfalls. For instance some have a small membership and therefore members do not get much experience as well as effective networking. Others are just based within particular regions and not others hence serving just a few members within those regions. In some cases however, the membership to such associations is restricted and students might not be allowed. The requirement for joining for instance might be that the person joining must be a human resources manager. This acts as a barrier to those members that are interested in joining associations but do not hold such positions. List of References Boxall, P. 2007, Strategy and Human Resource Management, London, Macmillan. Lundy, O. 2006, strategic human resources management , London, Routledge. Noe, R. 2010, ‘Employee Training and Development.’ Careers and Career Management , vol. 5, no. 11, pp. 55-65. This report on Report of Strategic Human Resources Management was written and submitted by user Kody D. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Ecommerce essays

Ecommerce essays Online business has become more prosperous in todays marketplace than it has been in the past, when computers were not as popular. With special software that eliminates the jobs of customer service personnel, along with new ad campaigns and e-alliances, Internet commerce continues to thrive. Even non-profit organizations benefit from the people who manipulate the Internet as a source of income. Some websites supply services that help people sell their own items; others base their websites on both the Internet and in the real world. Business to Business connections are being made between corporations and are failing repeatedly and causing many e-failures. First of all, the definition of e-commerce is any business transacted online or transactions conducted over the Internet, either by consumers purchasing goods and services, or directly between businesses. With modern and constantly improving telecommunications infrastructures, we have been provided with the means to exchange data almost instantaneously. Electronic Commerce is about using these data flows in the most effective way possible. Whether you are a multinational car manufacturer buying components from all over the world and manufacturing them in various locations, a food producer whose market depends on seasonal trends or climatic conditions, or a taxi company with a few cabs on the road, you have to ensure that the right information is available to your staff, to your clients, and to your trading partners. Some computer companies have eliminated the job of customer service clerks by using a sophisticated method developed by IBM. They call this system BELL. BELL is an interactive phone/computer based answer machine. Unlike other troubleshooting phone services, BELL answers questions specifically and diligently. Using and owning this software is expensive, but it is a huge money saver because there are fewer employees ...

Periodic Law Definition in Chemistry

Periodic Law Definition in Chemistry The Periodic Law states that the physical and chemical properties of the elements recur in a systematic and predictable way when the elements are arranged in order of increasing atomic number. Many of the properties recur at intervals. When the elements are arranged correctly, the trends in element properties become apparent and can be used to make predictions about unknown or unfamiliar elements, simply based on their placement on the table. Importance of Periodic Law Periodic Law is considered to be one of the most important concepts in chemistry. Every chemist makes use of Periodic Law, whether consciously or not, when dealing with the chemical elements, their properties, and their chemical reactions. Periodic Law led to the development of the modern periodic table. Discovery of Periodic Law Periodic Law was formulated based on observations made by scientists in the 19th century. In particular, contributions made by Lothar Meyer and Dmitri Mendeleev made trends in element properties apparent. They independently proposed Periodic Law in 1869. The periodic table arranged the elements to reflect Periodic Law, even though scientists at the time had no explanation for why properties followed a trend. Once the electronic structure of atoms was discovered and understood, it became apparent the reason characteristics occurred in intervals was because of the behavior of electron shells. Properties Affected by Periodic Law The key properties that follow trends according to Periodic Law are atomic radius, ionic radius, ionization energy, electronegativity, and electron affinity. Atomic and ionic radius are a measure of the size of a single atom or ion. While atomic and ionic radius are different from each other, they follow the same general trend. The radius increases moving down an element group and generally decreases moving left to right across a period or row. Ionization energy is a measure of how easy it is to remove an electron from an atom or ion. This value decreases moving down a group and increases moving left to right across a period. Electron affinity is how easily an atom accepts an electron. Using Periodic Law, it becomes apparent the alkaline earth elements have a low electron affinity. In contrast, the halogens readily accept electrons to fill their electron subshells and have high electron affinities. The noble gas elements have practically zero electron affinity because they have full valence electron subshells. Electronegativity is related to electron affinity. It reflects how easily an atom of an element attracts electrons to form a chemical bond. Both electron affinity and electronegativity tend to decrease moving down a group and increase moving across a period. Electropositivity is another trend governed by Periodic Law. Electropositive elements have low electronegativities (e.g., cesium, francium). In addition to these properties, there are other characteristics associated with Periodic Law, which may be considered properties of element groups. For example, all of the elements in group I (alkali metals) are shiny, carry a 1 oxidation state, react with water, and occur in compounds rather than as free elements.

History of my immigration or how I got the new life Essay

History of my immigration or how I got the new life - Essay Example Realizing that conditions were not going to get better in Tyver, I decided that immigration to the United States would be the best course of action for finding a more suitable and rewarding lifestyle. To accomplish those goals, I completed my Russian education by attending college while also working as a data entry clerk at a local factory. Five years later, further economic disruptions caused significant changes to my stable lifestyle in the Soviet Union, causing huge financial losses through lost bank accounts, job stability, and loss of pensions in the entire family. It is next to impossible to accurately inform an individual what it feels like to not know where your next meal will come from, however this was the reality of life in the Moscow region in the early portion of the 1990’s. Hunger was a common element of lifestyle as salaries regarding work outputs were delayed not only for weeks, but for years on end, due to any variety of broad economic rationales. Realizing that I could no longer sustain myself in Russia, I began to explore alternatives, as I had a great education, but no appropriate clothing, no job, and was only 25 years old. I happened upon a newspaper advertisement which stated Change your life and earn money in the process, which was a promotion for USA jobs. A couple of days later, I made the phone call, despite being apprehensive about potentially moving to a foreign country. This singular phone call changed my life entirely. Over a period of weeks, I began to collect all of the necessary information required to travel to the United States, including a visa and a travel ticket. By June 1, 1998, I was ready to leave Russia behind to begin a new life overseas. Though I was quite nervous about making the transfer, unsure of what I would find in the U.S., I realized that there could be no looking backwards if I wanted to find a new life and experience a better quality of living. Upon arrival, I found radical differences in the social

Civilization or people Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Civilization or people - Term Paper Example This essay attempts to prove that Hannibal’s victory at the Battle of Cannae should be attributed to the Carthaginian general’s tactical brilliance, and not to mere luck (i.e. the Roman army was seriously weakened by earlier battles). If Hannibal had exploited his triumph by attacking Rome, the Roman historian Livy believes, the Romans would have been obliged to bring peace claims. However, Hannibal decided not to attack Rome at the moment. Livy believes that this judgment was the ‘salvation of the Roman state.’1 The Battle of Cannae In 217 BC, Hannibal based his army near the Adriatic coast and kept on destroying villages in southern Italy.2 Polybius recounts that Hannibal was deeply informed of the problems posed by the Italian invasion and was aware that his main predicament would be resources.3 Rome was very weak at the time because of the massive losses it sustained the year prior. Still, Rome assigned Quintus Fabius Maximus as the new leader. Because Hannibal has a mightier cavalry, Fabius rested his army in the hills in order to reverse this advantage, resorting to the attack-retreat strategy. This was shrewd and successful given the changing balance of power after the defeats at Trasimeno and Trebia4: â€Å"The Romans hovered in the vicinity of the Carthaginians, cut off stragglers and foragers, and prevented them from founding a permanent base. The strategy avoided Roman defeat and dimmed Hannibal’s glory. It successfully kept Rome’s allies from declaring for Carthage, but it aroused great opposition among Romans themselves, for their state had thrived on a tradition of offensive warfare.†5 However, this was only a brief success. Fabius tried fearlessly to attack the Carthaginians in Falernia. He made sure that Hannibal was caught off guard. That moment, seeing his position as hopeless, Hannibal brought together all the animals in his encampment. He attached flares to each of them and made them attack the Roman encampment. Fear and bewilderment followed. Masked in darkness, with terror raging in the Roman encampment, Hannibal withdrew his whole army of 70,000 soldiers without any fatality on his side.6 Fabius had successfully held back Hannibal for six months, but the Senate decided to end his tenure as commanding officer and assigned two ambassadors, Varro and Paulus. They had realized that to confront Hannibal with not enough advantage would lead to a definite tragedy. Hence, they amassed a huge army: â€Å"Rome assembled the largest army they had ever placed in the field, eighty thousand infantry, and seven thousand cavalry.†7 Hannibal passed through the Aufidus River. The river was actually a barricade in case of defeat. Hannibal planned to take advantage of this positioning to tempt the Roman army to attack. Another lure, even though unintended, was that all of the elephants of Hannibal had been wiped out. It would be a war between two remarkably trained armed forces, th e Carthaginians being outnumbered by the Roman army.8 Both the Roman and Carthaginian armies were organized in traditional order, the cavalry on both flanks and the infantry in the middle. However, Hannibal placed his less reliable Spanish and Gauls foot soldiers at the forefront, while keeping his powerful African infantry on both flanks. This worked as bait for the attacking Roman army, who attacked the Spaniards and Gauls, pushing them, just like what Hannibal had planned. As a result, the U-shaped Carthaginian formation became bowl-shaped,

Pendleton Civil Service Act :: essays research papers

Pendleton Civil Service Act Since the beginning of the government, people gained and lost their jobs whenever a new president took office. These jobs were political pay-offs for people who supported them. Many people did not take their jobs too seriously because they knew they would be out of their office soon. As Henry Clay put it, government officials after an election are "like the inhabitants of Cairo when the plague breaks out; no one knows who is next to encounter the stroke of death." Over the years the flaws that were made and the problems that resulted became more obvious. After an election you could open a newspaper and find many advertisements, which offered government jobs that were filled before the election. On January 16, 1883 the U.S. legislation established a law, which gave employment based on merit rather than on political party affiliation that leads to corruption in the government system. Widespread public demand for reform in the government was stirred after the Civil War by accusations of incompetence, corruption, and theft in federal departments. After a guy who was refused an office job that he was capable of assassinated President James A. Garfield in 1881, civil service reform became a leading issue in the elections of 1882. In January 1883, Congress passed a comprehensive civil service bill sponsored by Senator George H. Pendleton, providing for the open selection of government employees and guaranteeing the right of citizens to compete for federal jobs without regard to politics, religion, race, or national origin. The new law covered only about 10 percent of the positions in the federal government, but nearly every president after Chester A. Arthur, who signed the bill in to law, broadened its scope. By 1980 more than 90 percent of federal employees were protected by the act. The Pendleton Civil Service Act classified certain jobs, removed them from the ranks, and set up a Civil Service Commission to oversee a system based on merit and not political stance. The commission draws up the rules governing examinations for those positions that Congress places in the classified civil service.