Was The Atomic Bomb Justified Essay Example For Students

Was The Atomic Bomb Justified Essay Background of the Atomic BombIt was during the Second World War that the United States became a world power, thanks in a large part to its monopoly on atomic weapons. The atomic bomb is a weapon with great explosive power that results form the sudden release of energy upon the splitting, or fission of the nuclei of such heavy elements as plutonium or uranium. This new destructive force wrecked havoc on two Japanese cities and caused the end of World War II. It also saved thousands of American lives because a ground invasion of Japan was no longer necessary. The decision to create the bombs was that of United States President Franklin D. Roosevelt under a secret military project that was called The Manhattan Project. The Beginnings of the Manhattan ProjectIn 1939, after German dictator Adolf Hitler invaded Poland, German scientists shocked the scientific world when they announced that they had split uranium atoms by man-made means for the first time. We will write a custom essay on Was The Atomic Bomb Justified specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now Upon hearing this news, a nuclear physicist, Leo Szilard, was convinced that a chain reaction of this process could be used as a weapon to release an awesome burst of power. Szilard knew that this knowledge was now in the wrong hands of the enemy Germans. On a July day in 1939 Szilard and his associate, Edward Teller, drove to the Long Island home of Albert Einstein to alert him of their findings. Einstein used his political influence by immediately writing a letter to President Roosevelt explaining the consequences of the Germans creating an atomic bomb. His letter read, I believe, therefore, that is my duty to bring to your attention that it may become possible to set up a nuclear chain reaction in a large mass of uranium by which vast amounts of power and large quantities of new-like elements would be generated. A single bomb of this type, carried by a boat and exploded in a port, might very well destroy the whole port, together with some of the surrounding territory.Two months passed before Roosevelt finally read the letter. He ordered a committee of scientists and military officers to meet Szilard and Teller to determine whether America was capable of building a nuclear bomb. In 1940, Szilard and Teller were granted a mere $6,000 to begin experiments in nuclear fission. The duo enlisted the help of the winner of the Nobel Prize for Physics in 1938, Enrico Fermi.Since much of the United States early nuclear research been conducted at New Yorks Columbia University, the federal government assigned the Manhattan District of the Army Corps of Engineers to construct the primary research and production facilities for the project. Hence the Manhattan Project became the code name for the atomic-bomb development program. Success under the StandsIn early 1942, the Manhattan Project moved its headquarters to Chicago. There the scientists set up a laboratory under the stands of the University of Chicago football stadium. It was there that the turning point of the project occurred; the first nuclear chain reaction was created. On December 2, 1942, to conduct the test, the three brilliant men built a graphite nuclear reactor the size of a house. By the pulling of a rod attached to the reactor the experiment began. The meter on the counting machine ascended to the highest point and stayed there. Gentlemen, the pile has gone critical, Fermi announced, signaling that it was a success. Fermi then ordered the control rod to be pushed back before the reactor exploded and perhaps taking a large part of Chicago with it. The chain reaction was the evidence that proved that an atom bomb could be made. Most of the scientists were overjoyed, but Szilard said to Fermi, This is a black day for mankind.Confidence in the projectThe success in Chicago prompted Roosevelt to give top priority to the creation of a nuclear bomb. The focus of the project shifted from research to the actual production of the bomb. .ua3cb9a65dbac53f8fbbf8a4b64c1b33f , .ua3cb9a65dbac53f8fbbf8a4b64c1b33f .postImageUrl , .ua3cb9a65dbac53f8fbbf8a4b64c1b33f .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ua3cb9a65dbac53f8fbbf8a4b64c1b33f , .ua3cb9a65dbac53f8fbbf8a4b64c1b33f:hover , .ua3cb9a65dbac53f8fbbf8a4b64c1b33f:visited , .ua3cb9a65dbac53f8fbbf8a4b64c1b33f:active { border:0!important; } .ua3cb9a65dbac53f8fbbf8a4b64c1b33f .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ua3cb9a65dbac53f8fbbf8a4b64c1b33f { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ua3cb9a65dbac53f8fbbf8a4b64c1b33f:active , .ua3cb9a65dbac53f8fbbf8a4b64c1b33f:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ua3cb9a65dbac53f8fbbf8a4b64c1b33f .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ua3cb9a65dbac53f8fbbf8a4b64c1b33f .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ua3cb9a65dbac53f8fbbf8a4b64c1b33f .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ua3cb9a65dbac53f8fbbf8a4b64c1b33f .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ua3cb9a65dbac53f8fbbf8a4b64c1b33f:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ua3cb9a65dbac53f8fbbf8a4b64c1b33f .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ua3cb9a65dbac53f8fbbf8a4b64c1b33f .ua3cb9a65dbac53f8fbbf8a4b64c1b33f-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ua3cb9a65dbac53f8fbbf8a4b64c1b33f:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Roger And Me Essay More than $2,000,000,000 was now being pumped into the project. The Manhattan Projects team was allowed to employ the countrys brightest mathematicians and its most highly trained technical people. Twelve Nobel Prize winners were also enlisted in the undertaking. Highly skilled men and

50 Greek and Latin Root Words

50 Greek and Latin Root Words In English grammar, a  root  is a word or portion of a word from which other words grow, usually through the addition of  prefixes and suffixes. By learning root words, you can decipher unfamiliar words, expand your vocabulary, and become a better English speaker.   The Roots of Words Most words in the English language are based on words from ancient Greek and Latin. The root of the word vocabulary, for example, is ​voc, a Latin root meaning word or name. This root also appears in such  words  as advocacy, convocation, evocative, vocal, and vowel. By dissecting words such as these, etymologists can study how a word has evolved over time and tell us about the cultures they came from. Root words are also useful for creating new words, especially in technology and medicine, where new innovations occur frequently. Think of the Greek root word tele, which means far, and inventions that traverse long distances, such as the telegraph, telephone, and television. The word technology itself is a combination of two other Greek root words, techne, meaning skill or art, and logos, or study. Greek Root Words The table below defines and illustrates 25  of the most common Greek roots. Root Meaning Examples anti against antibacterial, antidote, antithesis ast(er) star asteroid, astronomy, astronaut aqu water aquarium, aquatic, aqualung auto self automatic, automate, autobiograph biblio book bibliography, bibliophile bio life biography, biology, biodegradable chrome color monochromatic, phytochrome chrono time chronic, synchronize, chronicle doc teach document, docile, doctrinal dyna power dynasty, dynamic, dynamite geo earth geography, geology, geometry gno to know agnostic, acknowledge graph write autograph, graphic, demographic hydr water dehydrate, hydrant, hydropower kinesis movement kinetic, photokinesis logos word, study astrology, biology, theologian narc sleep narcotic, narcolepsy path feel empathy, pathetic, apathy phil love philosophy, bibliophile, philanthropy phon sound microphone, phonograph, telephone photo light photograph, photocopy, photon schem plan scheme, schematic syn together, with synthetic, photosynthesis tele far telescope, telepathy, television tropos turning heliotrope, tropical Latin Root Words The table below defines and illustrates 25  of the most common Latin  roots. Root Meaning Examples ab to move away abstract, abstain, aversion acer, acri bitter acrid, acrimony, exacerbate audi hear audible, audience, auditorium bene good benefit, benign, benefactor brev short abbreviate, brief circ round circus, circulate dict say dictate, edict, dictionary duc lead, make deduce, produce, educate fund bottom founder, foundation, funding gen to birth gene, generate, generous hab to have ability, exhibit, inhabit jur law jury, justice, justify lev to lift levitate, elevate, leverage log, logue thought logic, apologize, analogy luc, lum light lucid, illuminate, translucent manu hand manual, manicure, manipulate mis, mit send missile, transmit, permit omni all omnivorous, omnipotent, omniscent pac peace pacify, pacific, pacifist port carry export, import, important quit silent, restive tranquil, requiem, acquit scrib, script to write script, proscribe, describe sens to feel sensitive, sentient, resent terr earth terrain, territory, extraterrestrial tim to fear timid, timorous vac empty vacuum, vacate, evacuate vid, vis to see video, vivid, invisible ​Understanding the meanings of the common word roots can help us deduce the meanings of new words that we encounter. But be careful: root words can have more than one meaning as well as various shades of meaning. In addition, words that look similar may  derive  from different roots. Sources Bryant, Alice, and Robbins, Jill. Grow Your Vocabulary by Learning Root Words. VOANews.com, 28 November 2017.Grammarly staff. Why You Should Learn Roots. Grammarly.com, 6 February 2016.McCammon, Ellen. 50 GRE Words You Should Know. PrepScholar.com, 8 February 2017.

Human Resource Management in Innovation (New Zealand) Term Paper

Human Resource Management in Innovation (New Zealand) - Term Paper Example Considering that exit of every key employee costs the company up to $1200 NZD, the organization needs to focus on hiring the best staff. The human resource would rather leave a vacancy open than recruit an unfit employee and even spend more time searching for high-caliber employees. Among the acquired employees, the organization also needs to focus on identifying and retaining the talented and outstanding employees, considering that these employees are in high demand by competitors. This is to ensure that employees who make real difference with regards to performance of the organization are retained (Taylor and Chartered Institute of Personnel and Development, 2002, p.11). The human resource also needs to redesign the orientation program for new staff and ensure recruitment of right persons with the right attitudes and expectations. This is in consideration of the fact that many employees have left due to their belief that the company presented unprofessional old-fashioned image. Many organizations face highest staff attrition rates within the first few months after recruitment. Employees’ first experience with organizations should be positive to enable quick assimilation into the organization and to make them feel proud to have been recruited. First impression transforms to staff morale, which is a major factor that contributes high to staff turnover rates (Bittel and Newstrom, 1992, p.181). The company should seek to improve wages and benefits to employees considering that high rates of staff attrition have resulted from low wages and general benefits to employees. The company needs to allocate more funds to match wages to employees and benefi ts with market rates. Market-based compensation aspects are tied to the recommendations that, instead of making compensation comparisons within the industry alone, the human resources should undertake comparisons with specific competitor markets such as Australia, which absorbs approximately 3500 employees from the New Zealand employment market every month. Skills are not only transferable in industries but also across industries and markets and industries. Compensation and equity of a company needs to be comparable with competitor market rates since unreasonable negative deviation from markets rates would drive away existing employees. Among compensation issues, equity is a vital issue that needs to be balanced with regards to long existing staff and currently hired staff. Long existing staff have the propensity of leaving employment incase incoming staff are paid more proportionally. In addition to market rates compensation and equity, incentives plan such as milestone bonuses and performance awards provide employees with something to anticipate and work hard for.

The writer can write any suitable topic relating to what he's Essay

Client Relationship Management - Essay Example It will encompass the details of the topic of discussion on how it has been leveraged by the companies to gain the competitive advantage over the others. It will also contain important industrial examples to justify the statements. The client relationship management (CRM) of an organization involves the interaction of company with its customers and other external business partners. The interactions with the clients are mostly conducted in such a manner that it leads to a long-term working relationship with them. CRM has come to the vanguard of organizational practices only since the last ten years (Ed, 2008). The terminology of CRM may be relatively new, but the underlying concept is being used for a relatively long period of time. The business houses have tried out different forms of customer retention techniques to ensure a steady cash flow and gain a strong position in the industry. However, the CRM that is commonly used today is quite different from that of the past practices. Previously, the employees used to keep track of the loyal customers by memorizing their identities and keeping track of their preferences. This process may be effective in maintaining a good relationship with the customers, leading to customers’ retention by increasing the likelihood of the customers’ return. Over time the business market scenario has changed. This is mostly because of the increased competition from newly developed firms and changing demand of customers. Customer or Client Relationship Management becomes quite difficult when the business of the company starts to grow with the increased customer base and increased product portfolio (Buttle, 2008). It then becomes almost impossible for the employees to memorize the identity and preferences of all the customers. Modern client relationship management is mostly technology driven. There are several CRM softwares available for the firms which can be utilized to track the consumers’ behavior and their purchase pattern (Fjermestad, 2006).

The Manager as a Leader Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

The Manager as a Leader - Essay Example 1). Another more simple definition by Northhouse (2007) states that leadership is â€Å"a process whereby an individual influences a group of individuals to achieve a common goal† (Northhouse, 2007, p. 3 cited in Clark, 2010, p. 1). These definitions provide a foundation for this report. In this researcher’s understanding, leadership can also be defined as the ability of one person to help another person achieve their full potential. 1 Personal Traits Associated with Leadership According to Clark (2010) a leader must understand who they are, what they know and what they can do. In order to understand these three issues a leader must have confidence in themselves and they must be able to inspire others. The ability to actively listen and to communicate is also traits that leaders must have in order to get along well with their employees. A good leader is also able to inspire others to work towards their potential. Leaders begin by setting the example of what they want th eir employees to do and show what is expected of them. Hyatt, Hyatt, and Hyatt (2011) suggest that leaders must have emotional maturity in order to lead effectively. They define this concept as the ability of the leader to implement basic leadership principles in their organisation. They suggest that emotional maturity comes through knowledge of emotional intelligence. Emotional intelligence in their definition is â€Å"the ability to perceive emotions† (Hyatt, Hyatt, and Hyatt, 2001, p. 2). Some of the qualities that an individual has who is expressing emotional intelligence include â€Å"self-awareness, self-regulation, motivation, empathy and social skills† (Hyatt, Hyatt, and Hyatt, 2001, p. 2). Emotional maturity grows out of having emotional intelligence because emotional maturity is the ability to identify and accept all the feelings and emotions that an individual has and to be able to give a response in any situation. Also, the individual is aware of their emot ions and they know that the emotions are complete. But, the individual is also able to recognise and accept the differences they see in others as â€Å"assets to be valued† (Hyatt, Hyatt, and Hyatt, 2001, p. 2). Emotional maturity also has to do with behavioural responses to situations. Behaviour is tied into a person’s feelings, their actions, and their thoughts. 1.1 Motivation and Drive Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs has been used in business to talk about motivation. The way that these needs are shown suggest that lower level needs must be met before someone can move to higher level needs. For management, this means that the basic needs of proper wages, adequate breaks, a safe working environment, retirement benefits and job security must be met before higher level needs like recognition, a sense of community on the job and the ability to reach their full potential can be realized (Internet Centre for Management and Business Administration, 2010). Leaders also h ave strong problem solving skills that include the ability to critically think in all situations and decide what needs to be done. 2 Theory X versus Theory Y Theory X and Y are theories created by McGregor. This theory suggests that there are two basic ways to manage people and both theories emphasize a different way of dealing with people. Based on the idea that most people dislike working and would avoid it if possible, the X theory uses a more authoritarian management style (Chapman, 2010). In this theory people have to be forced to work by threatening them with punishment. According to this theory, punishment is the only way to get people to work towards the organisation’s goals. Therefore, the manager who subscribes to this theory would

Personality And Britney Spears Prehistory Music Essay

Personality And Britney Spears Prehistory Music Essay Singer Britney Jean Spears was born on December 2nd, 1981, in Kentwood, Louisiana. She was the second of three children with an older brother Bryan and younger sister Jamie all born to Lynne and James Spears (Dennis, 2009). Britney Spears has been one of the most successful artist of this generation and yet one of the most controversial. While her music was centre stage at the beginning of her career her personal life and struggles are what makes the news today. Born the middle of three children Britney started performing at a very young age, she attended Kentwood high school in her home town of Louisiana, but dropped out to pursue her career in music (Dennis, 2009). Following her dream to sing and perform Britney (eight years old) auditioned and failed for the Disney channels The Mickey Mouse Club as a Mouseketeer, deemed too young by the casting director. On Britneys eleventh birthday she successfully auditioned again for the Disney Club and was cast alongside future stars Justin Timberlake and Christina Aguilera where she appeared for 2 seasons before it was cancelled (www.imdb.com) On December 1998 Britney was signed to Jive records and released her first and hit single Hit me baby one more time becoming the first new female artist to have a number one single and album in the same week going which sold more than 22 million copies worldwide (Dennis, 2009). She was later awarded the Female album of the year, female artist of the year and best new artist of the year. Her dream of becoming a successful artist had come true. Britney was now a permanent fixture in the entertainment world, at that time she was rumoured to be dating fellow Mouseketeer Justin Timberlake. In 2001 in trying to shed her wholesome image she had started her career with Britney released Im a Slave 4 U showcasing a different musical direction and a raunchier image. Controversially on the MTV Video Music Awards 2001, Britney performed live on stage with a seven foot python draped around her neck wearing minimal clothing (Heard, 2010). 2002 was a traumatic year for Britney, she starred in her first feature Film Crossroads which was deemed a flop by critics (Dennis, 2009), she announced her split from Justin Timberlake and her parents announced that they were divorcing. In 2003 Britney again created headlines performing onstage with her idol Madonna sharing a kiss with her onstage and fellow mouseketeer Christina Aguilera. Again Britney was showcasing her more sexualised persona that she had been trying to shed. In 2004 following a hectic tour Britney appeared in the news for marrying her childhood friend and annulling the marriage within two days (Heard, 2010). It was also reported that year that her father had entered rehab due to alcoholism. Her turbulent life just got bumpier. She was later involved with backup dancer Kevin Federline whom she married late 2004(Heard, 2010) In 2005 following rumours that Britney and Kevins union was less than perfect, Britney allowed cameras to follow their lives and showcase it on MTV which drew little audience figures. In April 2005 Spears welcomed their first child Sean Preston. In 2006 Britney was again in the news being caught driving with her child on her lap. Later that year Spears announced they were having a second child Jayden James. But two months later Spears and Federline announced they were divorcing (Heard, 2010) Britney began to frequent the social club scene with socialite Paris Hilton, Lindsay Lohan and others, For a mother of two her behaviour became more erratic, she was seen leaving various night clubs intoxicated which lead to her reportedly being checked into rehab, she was later caught during her difficult time shaving her head sparking a media frenzy questioning her sanity. She then went on to lose full custody of her children to her ex husband and became estranged from her mother (Heard, 2010). Even with her personal life in disarray Spears found time to continue her music career and release another album. While performing her then new single Gimme More Spears seemed lethargic, danced poorly and seen to lip sync her song. Later that month spears was charged in connection with a hit and run. Her album sold a million less copies and her disorganised public appearances led to suggestions she was nearing a breakdown (Dennis, 2009) In 2008 Britney suffered a breakdown and was entering and re-entering rehab several times. .Her mother admitted publicly in her book Through the Storm that Britney had postpartum depression. Britneys two sons were still in full custody of her ex husband and controversy started over her manager being claimed to mismanaged Britney by her parents. Following a short time away in rehabilitation Britney began her comeback, her manager was sacked, her father was now in control of her assets and parents were back together in 2010. Her life seemingly going smoothly, while not in full custody of her children Britney is now supported on tour by her ex husband who tours with her and their two children. According to Freud personality develops through a persons attempt to, (1) max their instinct of gratification and (2) minimise punishment and guilt. Freud suggested that there are three main aspects of functioning within the structure of personality; the Id, ego and superego. The id is the source of all drive energy (Pervin, Cervone John, 2005., p. 85). It functions in accordance with the pleasure principle which seeks pleasure at any cost without the consideration of a consequence, and which also avoids pain. The id is without reason, logic, values, morals, or ethics (Pervin, Cervone John, 2005., p. 85). Following from the accounts on the life of Britney Spears, Spears is better known for her personal struggles and her sometimes controversial behaviour, which we can assume is some evidence of the id. According to Freud the id is the unmodified motives and instincts that are usually present in an individual and it contains all the primary processes; impulse, desire and pleasure. It is evident in the accounts of Spears life that she makes numerous attempts to fight against her superego, which Freud suggests is the moral code, the moral branch of our functioning (Pervin, Cervone John, 2005., p. 85). The superego is what can be referred to as conscience; it is the morals, values and ethics enforced on us by society our parents. Spears can be said to have been fighting against her superego, when she released the video for her hit single Im a slave 4u in 2001, it could be seen that she was fighting so hard to shed her innocent girl image. She was trying to go against the laws that had been governing her throughout childhood. Her upbringing according to Freud plays a huge role in moulding her personality. He suggests that adult personalities can be traced back to handlings of earlier childhood conflicts. Freud suggests that non gratification of early instincts may lead to fixations and psychopathology. Non gratification or love could have then led to a fixation on attention seeking in Britney spears. It seemed like Britney lacked appropriate attention from within her family unit. According to Freud, early events are particularly influential on later behaviour, especially around the age of 5. Although her need for public attention has been evident since childhood, it can be said that, (in relation to her early childhood) she was being pushed by her mother- ever since I was 7 or 8 years old, my mom would have company over, and I was always performing for everybody in front of the TV. This need for attention can also be seen when she allowed the media into her home to document her relationship with then husb and, Kevin Federline and also when she shaved her head in 2007. Therefore, it can be assumed that she grew up seeking the attention of others either because of her early exposure to this type of attention or because she lacked appropriate attention from within her family unit. This non gratification within the home could have also led to the fixation, we see later on in her life, when she breaks up with Justin Timberlake in 2002. In relation to Eysencks 2 factor theory, Britney seemed to struggle between traits (Pervin, Cervone John, 2005., p. 233). She moved from being an emotionally unstable introvert- in 2002 she announced her break up from Justin Timberlake and her featured movie Crossroads, did not sell as much as was expected, she seemed unhappy, worried and anxious. She then started displaying traits of an emotionally stable extrovert, she went binge drinking Las Vegas and married her childhood Friend. This union was annulled two days later. She then got married to one of her backup dancer as stated earlier. All these according to Eysencks 1970 2 factor theory suggests, that Britney was (at the time) carefree, outgoing and sociable. As well as these, she has also shown traits of an emotionally stable introvert. This is a very new category within which Britney only entered in the last two years. We can assume that this is the impression she wants to give form the statement she makes in an interview wit h the Glamour Magazine- I dont like going out I love my home and staying in bed and watching Dancing With the stars or reading a Danielle Steel novel. Im kind of boring. An emotionally stable introvert displays traits including; reliability, control, peacefulness, thoughtfulness and passivity. Adler 1925 on the other hand, believed that even though children have the same parents and grow up in nearly the same family setting, they do not have identical social environments. Adler 1925 suggested that the order in which an individual is born contributes to the development of their personality. He referred to this theory as the birth order effect in personality development. In relation to the case of Spears, she was a second child, and as previously stated she had an older brother (Bryan Spears) whom we can only assume she looked up to at some stage during her developmental process. Britney Spears states that he frequently kept her safe, and out of trouble, when she was growing up as a child. Adler 1925 advised that the second child competes for attention and affection and finds different ways to earn attention either from parents or others. Spears on the other hand, found attention from the public eye from a very young age, attention we assume, she did not receive at home. In Adler 1925 suggests that the child develops to be Independent and competitive, especially with the oldest sibling. Sibling rivalry may be initiated by second born as they struggle to identify their role in the family. The second child can be seen as a rebel, especially if they do not feel they are getting equal treatment with that of the first born. A great positive trait is that they can be very expressive and creative, there personality traits can also be different compared to the other children. Adler 1925 advised that Parents are less restrictive, freedom is allowed and the child is able to be more independent and creates own character. The child is able to freely express his/her unique personality and is very adventuresome, fun-loving, gregarious, often creative and artistic. The second child according to Adler tries to surpass the older sibling especially if close in age. They can be rebellious and envious but generally well adjusted. Adler1925 also advised that if different sex than the first born she/he can develop some first-born traits. According to Ainsworth, from birth, infants are completely dependent on others for care; Ainsworth suggests that a child goes through stages in development of attachment. Having a secure base is very important in the bond the child has with its mother and in forming future relationships. A lack of secure attachments can have a negative consequence in forming a relationship with other in the future. Successful attachment is vital for positive social and emotional development In terms of Spears one can assume, following the information we have in regards to her relationships as an adult. She did not have a very secure base of attachment with her mother. This assumption follows from the breakdown she goes through after her break up with fellow entertainer, Justin Timberlake in 2002 after a 2 year relationship. From this point in her life she began to publicly go on a downward spiral. In the 1930s Carl Rogers developed an approach to counselling called Client-Centered Therapy. His Client-Centered Therapy was based around the concept that the client knows best. It is the client who is most aware of his own pain and who will be the one to pave the way forward in his life. Humans are innately good and geared towards self-actualisation. According to Rogers, an essential element in the creation of a fully functioning person is unconditional positive regard. This is essential to healthy psychological development. Unconditional positive regard is something that may have been missing from Britneys life. As previously stated, Spears was always working hard to gain attention and positive regard, which might have been due to a lack of this from her family. This, according to Rogers, results in a feeling of unworthiness. This could explain her string of unstable relationships and the breakdown in her life following the end of her relationship with Justin Timberlake. Her life in the 2000s was full of abnormal and maladaptive behaviour, which could be classed as psychopathology. It is possible that the public image she desired was incongruent with her true inner feelings. According to Rogers, the denial of these feelings can result in an exaggerated version of what the person was trying to defend against in their mind. This could explain the bizarre behaviour of Spears. Her non-congruence could also explain her consistent need to impress and get attention. Conclusion (Ron) What was wrong with Britney? As Shildrick notes, we demand of modern biomedicine that all disruptions to the selfs clean and proper body should be dealt with, that the actual vulnerability of the embodied self and its propensity to diverge from the normative structures of health and well-being should be covered over, or managed out of existence, by a technologically driven bioscience (Shildrick, 2008, p. 32).   Her management, her friends and especially her family were unable to control her, Britneys life turned into a mess and the world around her crumbled but luckily for her, and her familys patience and unconditional support she pulled her life around so it seems. Whether all that has happened to her is deemed positive or negative, its hard to say. The trials and tribulations that a person encounters in there life can either strengthen or weaken a persons resolve. In Britneys case she seems to be moving onto a more positive route. So what is to become of Britney now?

Linking Brain and Behavior: Reflections on Neurodegenerative Diseases and Fetal Neural Transplantat :: Biology Essays Research Papers

Linking Brain and Behavior: Reflections on Neurodegenerative Diseases and Fetal Neural Transplantation Neurodegenerative diseases are caused by malfunctions within the motor sector of the nervous system. These malfunctions, which are caused by the presence or absence of hormones, are a direct result of neural cell deterioration within the brain. Thus, biological problems of the brain, or rather predicaments arising between cellular connections within the brain, and the treatment of such conditions, illustrate how the brain organizes movement and behavior (11). The brain is the body's communication headquarters. It obtains a myriad of information from various parts of the sensory system and processes this information in an organized fashion. It then relays sensory input to different parts of the motor system. Such messages from the brain dictate specific muscular and behavioral patterns. Thus, this neural system is highly depended on a cause and effect system, where the slightest offset to the assembly-line fashion of cellular interaction results in major behavioral abnormalities(11). Moreover, there are two particular areas of the brain that are specifically related to motor malfunctions: the substania nigra and the striatum (the caudate nucleus and the putamen). The cells of the nigra synapse with cells of the striatum, which serves as the controller of motor functions such as walking, balance, and muscular movement. Information from the nigra cells passes through the synapses with the aid of a specific hormone, dopamine, which is a signi ficant chemical transmitter in the brain. Because the existence of dopamine is essential to the function of the substania nigra, it is also essential for the various muscular activities controlled by the striatum, such as walking, balance, etc (9). Neurodegenerative diseases, like Parkinson's Disease and Huntington's disease, thus, illustrate two very different behavioral patterns that are subsequently caused by two opposite and extreme biological abnormalities, where the nigra-striatum neural communication assemblage is hampered. Parkinson's disease (PD) results from a depletion in the amount of dopamine produced by the brain. At the onset of the disease, dopamine-secreting cells of the substania nigra, either because of genetic factors or environmental toxins, experience mass cell death. Thus, the nigra cells are unable to form synapses through which they secrete and relay dopamine to the striatum in a neural circuit within the basal ganglia (11). The striatum is also a coordination center for chemical messengers. When there is a decrease in dopamine levels, the striatum experiences a chemical imbalance (2). Linking Brain and Behavior: Reflections on Neurodegenerative Diseases and Fetal Neural Transplantat :: Biology Essays Research Papers Linking Brain and Behavior: Reflections on Neurodegenerative Diseases and Fetal Neural Transplantation Neurodegenerative diseases are caused by malfunctions within the motor sector of the nervous system. These malfunctions, which are caused by the presence or absence of hormones, are a direct result of neural cell deterioration within the brain. Thus, biological problems of the brain, or rather predicaments arising between cellular connections within the brain, and the treatment of such conditions, illustrate how the brain organizes movement and behavior (11). The brain is the body's communication headquarters. It obtains a myriad of information from various parts of the sensory system and processes this information in an organized fashion. It then relays sensory input to different parts of the motor system. Such messages from the brain dictate specific muscular and behavioral patterns. Thus, this neural system is highly depended on a cause and effect system, where the slightest offset to the assembly-line fashion of cellular interaction results in major behavioral abnormalities(11). Moreover, there are two particular areas of the brain that are specifically related to motor malfunctions: the substania nigra and the striatum (the caudate nucleus and the putamen). The cells of the nigra synapse with cells of the striatum, which serves as the controller of motor functions such as walking, balance, and muscular movement. Information from the nigra cells passes through the synapses with the aid of a specific hormone, dopamine, which is a signi ficant chemical transmitter in the brain. Because the existence of dopamine is essential to the function of the substania nigra, it is also essential for the various muscular activities controlled by the striatum, such as walking, balance, etc (9). Neurodegenerative diseases, like Parkinson's Disease and Huntington's disease, thus, illustrate two very different behavioral patterns that are subsequently caused by two opposite and extreme biological abnormalities, where the nigra-striatum neural communication assemblage is hampered. Parkinson's disease (PD) results from a depletion in the amount of dopamine produced by the brain. At the onset of the disease, dopamine-secreting cells of the substania nigra, either because of genetic factors or environmental toxins, experience mass cell death. Thus, the nigra cells are unable to form synapses through which they secrete and relay dopamine to the striatum in a neural circuit within the basal ganglia (11). The striatum is also a coordination center for chemical messengers. When there is a decrease in dopamine levels, the striatum experiences a chemical imbalance (2).

Jill Lepore, new york burning

New York Burning, by Jill Lepore, is an interesting yet flawed study of a 1741 conspiracy among New York’s slaves, which authorities discovered in the wake of ten fires started by African Americans.   While the work claims to examine the slave revolts and ensuing trials (in which over a hundred blacks were executed by hanging or burning) as evidence of how political opposition formed and functioned, it succeeds much better as a study of race relations and the culture of paranoia. Lepore’s thesis is that the 1741 conspiracy, while based more on hearsay and forced confessions than on actual evidence, occurred within a climate of political and intellectual ferment that made political pluralism (and, ultimately, the American political system) possible.   Indeed, the New York she describes was already politically divided in the wake of the landmark Zenger trial of 1735, in which printer John Peter Zenger was charged with printing libelous attacks against the arbitrary, heavy-handed colonial governor. His acquittal laid the foundations for free speech but also caused a political schism, as two rival political factions formed – the Court party, which supported the royal governors, and the Country Party, an opposition group which demanded greater liberties.   (However, she makes clear that liberty was reserved strictly for whites and pertained more to the press and taxation than to individuals, certainly those of color.)   Mutual mistrust between the two parties lingered for years. The 1741 conspiracy took place, says Lepore, within a rather tense and paranoid context.   It began in March with a fire at the city’s only military outpost, Fort George.   Subsequent blazes over the next few weeks broke out at houses and businesses belonging to Court party members, and these were quickly followed by a series of arrests and trials that lasted into the summer. Twenty whites and 152 blacks (slave and free) were arrested and over a hundred people executed, including many Country Party members’ slaves and servants.   Lepore claims that the end result of these events was greater acceptance of political opposition, but her work does less to connect the slave plot to politics than it does to describe a place beset by racism and paranoia. In tracing the plot’s evolution, Lepore offers the reader a detailed description of New York in 1741.   A former Dutch colony with a multilingual population and sizeable slave population, New York had considerable political division and a strangely paranoid culture.   Not only were fears of slave rebellions prevalent and population politically split, but novels and plays about intrigues were common and highly popular.   (She notes that George Farquhar’s The Beaux’ Stratagem was then the city’s most popular play.) New Yorkers were thus highly sensitive to anything resembling a plot and unusually prone to imagine such things; Lepore writes, â€Å"Nothing ‘just happened’ in the early eighteenth century.   There was always a villain to be caught, a conspiracy to be detected.   The century was lousy with intrigues† (51). In addition, she asserts that the black plotters may have been misunderstood by white witnesses who overheard them in Hughson’s tavern, taking oaths and swearing revenge on New York. She demonstrates that, much like New England’s slaves staged mock â€Å"election days† to both mimic and satirize white culture, the New York plotters may have been imitating their masters, many of whom were Masons (and thus mistrusted in an early America which saw wrongdoing in their secrecy and rituals).   Horsmanden, says Lepore, viewed the trial like a conspiracy novel and, â€Å"In an anxious empire, he found monstrous black creatures . . . [and] political plotters† (122) from whom he thought he could save the city. The 1741 plot was thus tailor-made for the age.   It involved a group of New York blacks who swore oaths to burn down the city, kill its white men, take their wives, and to install a tavern keeper and small-time criminal named John Hughson as the new governor.   After the arsonists were captured and confessions extracted (in some cases with torture, which could not legally be used on whites but was freely used against blacks), the colony’s Supreme Court was eager to demonstrate its authority and regain some of the credibility it lost after the Zenger trial.   In particular, Lepore devotes considerable attention to Daniel Horsmanden, the English judge who prosecuted Zenger and was eager to redeem himself. Lepore relies heavily on his own journal of the trial, pointing out its biases and distortions, and she comments that Horsmanden considered losing the Zenger trial â€Å"a gross humiliation† and that the 1741 plot offered him â€Å"an unrivaled opportunity to consolidate the court’s power.   He could make a name for himself† (118). Indeed, his handling of the trial shows not only his zeal but also how poorly colonial courts handled evidence and how grossly they mistreated black defendants.   Four whites and over a hundred blacks were executed, often in a grisly manner that assuaged the nervous city.   According to Lepore, whites enjoyed public executions and attended â€Å"out of hatred, out of obligation, out of fascination† and, â€Å"like imprisonment, interrogation, and trial, an execution was a pageant† (105).   Trials and executions of rebellious slaves were especially celebrated, as the racial order was preserved. Though the book claims to examine the 1741 slave plot’s meaning in terms of politics, is actually spends little time doing this and her analysis is thus somewhat underdeveloped.   However, Lepore offers an excellent picture of colonial New York’s race relations, which were volatile and tense, adding that â€Å"however much ‘liberty’ some enslaved New Yorkers might have enjoyed, it was always fragile and nearly always illicit† (155). Whites so feared blacks that they passed laws regulating their right to gather freely and set grossly unfair standards for sexual conduct (white men could exploit black women without penalty, but black men were sternly discouraged from consensual relations with white women).   It is little wonder, then, that blacks resented their white masters and neighbors.   Also, at the same time, though, the court was quick to attribute the plot’s leadership to Hughson, a smuggler and thief on the side, because few believed blacks intellectually capable of hatching such a scheme. Lepore ends the book by claiming that the 1741 plot demonstrates how New York’s colonial politics operated.   Horsmanden, who exacted a vicious justice on the conspirators, was stripped of his political offices in 1747 and then became a champion of the liberties he had denied as a judge.   His activities redeemed him and one of his posts was restored to him in 1755. Lepore uses this, along with the Zenger trial, as evidence of how New Yorkers became more tolerant of opposition politics, but she does not tie this very convincingly to the slave plot.   Indeed, her discussion of New York’s colonial politics pales in comparison to her picture of New York’s social and cultural landscapes. New York Burning appears to be two different histories in one, with its study of race relations and fear of conspiracies submerged within its examination of how the plot influenced politics.   The political aspects are not as well-developed and Lepore does not argue very convincingly that the Zenger trial and slave conspiracy demonstrate how New Yorkers handled the question of political opposition. The author devotes much of the book to exploring race and culture, and she creates a vivid, convincing picture of how early New Yorkers combined fear of their slaves with their taste for (and sensitivity to) conspiracy and intrigues.   Had the book been a study of race and paranoia, instead of claiming these were only parts of a developing political culture, it would likely have been a stronger piece of scholarship.   The book succeeds as a cultural history while failing to connect race and culture to the developing political landscape of early America. Lepore, Jill.   New York Burning.   New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 2005.

Son of Satan

Summary Son of Satan is about an 11 year old boy who is the narrator, and his 2 buddies Has and Morgan. They are smoking and talking about another boy named Simpson who told them that he has bucked a girl under the narrator's garage. They agree to beat him up and walk to Simpson place, hit him a couple of times in his stomach and force him to go with them to the narrator's backyard. They agree that Simpson is guilty of lying and has to be hanged by the neck. And he therefore is.The 3 boys runs away but the narrator goes back and lets Simpson down, he take a long walk and hen return to his home where his father Is walling for him, they have a short conversation and then the narrator is getting beat up by his father. Characterization of the narrator and his relationship to his father The narrator Is the leader In a small gang of tree boys In the ages 11-12. The narrator Is a round non developing character because we know a lot about him from the text, but he isn't changing through the story. I believe that the narrator is insecure about himself and therefore Is afraid to show any weaknesses to his friends. L didn't want to go on with It any longer†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ UT I was the leader and I was going to have to fight Has afterwards and I couldn't show any weakness† (P. 42, L. 25-28) This shows me that he actually isn't as tough and stupid as he want to be and that the peer pressure is forcing him to act like this. As soon as his friends is gone he goes back to Simpson and helps him (P. 43, L. 5-9) also he feels bad afterwards â€Å"l felt as if my life was over† (P. 43, L. 22) and â€Å"l felt as If I had done something very bad† (P. 43, L. 25-26) which shows me that he actually regret what he have done.The narrator clearly has a bad relationship to is father, when he describes him, he only tells what he doesn't like about him. â€Å"My father was a big man, SIX feet two and one half. He had a big head, and eyes that hung there under bushy eyebro ws. HIS lips were thick and he had big ears. He was mean without even trying. † (P. 44, L. 2-5) everything on his father is described as big. That tells me that he feels suppressed by his father, the story ends with his father beating him up, which Indicates why the narrator is like he Is. I think that the narrator Is a good person. But bad parenting by his father have made him to a bad errors.Son of Satan By Experimental By Brian Jensen 1 N guilty of lying and has to be hanged by the neck, and he therefore is. The 3 boys runs then return to his home where his father is waiting for him, they have a short Characterization of the narrator and his relationship to his father The narrator is the leader in a small gang of tree boys in the ages 11-12. The narrator is a round non therefore is afraid to show any weaknesses to his friends. â€Å"l didn't want to go on with it any longer†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ But I was the leader and I was going to have to fight Has afterwards ND I couldn't sho w any weakness† (P. 2, L. 25-28) This shows me that he actually and â€Å"l felt as if I had done something very bad† (P. 43, L. 25-26) which shows me that his father, when he describes him, he only tells what he doesn't like about him. â€Å"My father was a big man, six feet two and one half. He had a big head, and eyes that hung there under bushy eyebrows. His lips were thick and he had big ears. He was beating him up, which indicates why the narrator is like he is. I think that the narrator is a good person, but bad parenting by his father have made him to a bad

Living Simply in a Modern World Essay Example

Living Simply in a Modern World Essay Example Living Simply in a Modern World Essay Living Simply in a Modern World Essay Henry D. Thoreau preached the ideas of simplicity, and that humans needed four things to survive: clothing, food, fuel, and shelter. He says that the most basic needs should supply all of the things required d for survival. He starts an experiment by deciding to build a cabin by Walden Pond. On the cusp of the industrial revolution, He can live simply by chopping trees for fuel, building a small cabin, and hunting and gathering his food. He says you should be able to keep all your accounts on your fingers, and keeps time with the rising sun and the chirps of the animals in hisâ€Å"Walden Pond community.† With the rise of smartphones and all sorts of technology, people are always adding more â€Å"accounts† and more material items. You can live modernly but still adhere to Thoreau’s ideals of â€Å"simplicity.† People can live a modern Thoreau aligned lifestyle by becoming self-reliant or at a minimum dependence on resources. You can live closer to where y ou work, in a reasonably sized house, and commute more efficiently. Fuel supplied by modern means of solar panels or a more simple method of a wood furnace would suffice.Planting a garden eliminates going to the grocery store and saves money. So by buying a smaller sized house, planting a garden, and finding a reusable or sustainable source of fuel, you can become self-sufficient or minimally dependent and live a more simple, well-lived life in a modern world Henry D. Thoreau preaches the values of living simple as he says, â€Å"Our life is frittered away by detail Simplicity, simplicity, simplicity!† (17). to the point that it is almost force fed down your throat while reading Walden Pond and Civil Disobedience. Thoreau, whose father was in the pencil business, started to work for his father and soon wanted to create a better pencil. He can create a new pencil that’s marveled upon by the industry, yet to continue produce pencils and make a quick fortune was not on his mind. A Harvar

Oligopoly nature of grocery stores in UK Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Oligopoly nature of grocery stores in UK - Essay Example Grocery stores are influenced by several factors for example the existence of LGRs, distribution channels and different planning strategies. Large regional distribution systems are needed for efficiency. However, the small companies do not enjoy sufficient distribution channels as opposed to the big companies. This is due to the fact that large companies normally sophisticated distribution systems to improve their products availability, reduce wastage and collect direct from suppliers. Many of the large companies usually negotiate favorable terms with suppliers for instance the case of Tesco and Asda. Planning strategies usually restricts out of town centre developments of grocery stores therefore restricting development of new larger stores. These also act as barrier to the entry of new firms increasing the costs of developing new stores which again discourages potential new investors. Factors positively influencing grocery stores The success of grocery stores depends on several factors for example market trends in the industry. There are some market trends for example decreasing numbers of specialist stores, increasing share of sales from large stores and few large firms taking an increasing market share. There has been a steep decline in the number of specialist stores.... Apparently, it is clear that sales from convenient stores are growing more quickly than grocery stores however, they only account for a small share of the sales (Sellers, 93). Grocery stores record the highest number of sales and increasingly, a huge percentage of the market is dominated by sales. Grocery stores usually offset the advantages of large stores because of easy consumer access to them for top up shopping. Grocery stores have links with wholesalers who give them the benefits of large buying power as well as access to other facilities and advice. Grocery stores have managed to survive also because of diversification for example distributing newspapers and operating other small businesses beside them like alcohol outlet. Consumers who meet up in a warm social place enjoy satisfaction hence loyalty. Groceries also enjoy low cost of operating businesses. In addition to this, they also receive assistance from family members. The groceries also sell their products at cheap price s. This is because they enjoy a buying power of large continental European groups. They enjoy low labor costs in their operations as well as low cot of buildings in which they operate their businesses. The owners of groceries are also able to adapt well under difficult economic circumstances. Subsequently, one major factor that boosts the groceries is the fact that main competitors tend to move up the market depending on the success of the firm. Reasons for Asda increasing their market shares Asda operates as a large store with wide range of products and relatively low prices. As a large store, it has some particular advantages for example marketing and efficiency Schaffer & August & Earle,

Financial Analysis (Tesco and Wall-Mart) Coursework

Financial Analysis (Tesco and Wall-Mart) - Coursework Example Tesco plc is a general merchandise retailer and a multinational grocery, which is has its headquarters in Cheshunt, UK. Perhaps it is the world’s third largest retailer in terms of revenues. The other retailers that are ahead of it are Carrefour and Wal-Mart, and it is also the second largest in terms of profit, whereby it comes after Wal-Mart. The retailer has branches in fourteen states across North America, Asia, and Europe. In the United Kingdom, it is the leader in the grocery market whereby it controls a market share of about thirty percent. It was established by Cohen Jack back in the year 1919 as a small market stalls group (MacLaurin, 2002, p.76). Interestingly, the company generates approximately eighteen billion pounds in sales, offer employment for around one hundred and eighty thousand people and earn about seven hundred million pounds in revenue from outside of the United Kingdom. Currently, the have about two thousand and twenty six stores running outside the Un ited Kingdom. However, within the United Kingdom, the company runs two thousand, two hundred stores and offers employment for about two hundred and eighty five thousand individuals. ... The company employs around two million, one hundred thousand people from all over the world. The company has operations or presence in over ten states, which include China, Brazil, Argentina, Honduras, Nicaragua, Canada, Costa Rica, United Kingdom, Japan, India, El Salvador, Mexico, Chile and Guatemala (MacLaurin, 2002, p.26). They earn around one hundred billion dollars from stores that are located outside the United States, approximately twenty five percent of the total revenue. They run over eight thousand, four hundred stores across the globe. The company operates on a model of price leadership. Clients are aware that the company can offer them the lowest process for what they need. Unlike Wal-Mart, we find that Tesco Corporation decided to adopt a kind of approach that is multiple format not only in its native market but also in the global operations. Whereas the company managed to be successful in all the twelve international markets that it ventured in, Wal-Mart did not manage to be successful; that is it was not able to make a its presence felt in a number of markets (Simms, 2009, p.45). Nevertheless, after strongly managing to establish itself or making a mark in the emerging markets, in the year 2007, Tesco Corporation entered into the United States market after carrying out thorough and comprehensive groundwork. Tesco Company came out with a one of its kind novel convenient store approach, which is ‘Fresh & Easy’ based on its comprehensive market research and after a very short time, the approach proved to be a great success and considerably gained an extensive acceptability and was embraced by most of the consumers in the United